The PHYWE Rutherford Experiment with MCA (Phywe Article No. P2522115) is a complete university-level nuclear physics apparatus that recreates Ernest Rutherford’s 1908 Nobel Prize-winning alpha-particle scattering experiment – the discovery that established the modern model of the atomic nucleus.

Using a semiconductor alpha detector with a detection probability of 1 and virtually no zero effect, students measure how alpha particles from a 370 kBq Am-241 source scatter off thin gold and aluminium foils, then compare the measured particle rates to the values predicted by Rutherford’s scattering equation. The Chadwick-style backscattering geometry inside a transparent glass vacuum chamber allows the scattering angle to be varied continuously from roughly 20 degrees to 145 degrees by shifting the foil and source along the chamber axis. The combination of multichannel analyser (MCA), preamplifier and alpha detector produces precise pulse-height spectra and clean counting statistics across the full angular range.

Experiment tasks:
– Measure particle rates at scattering angles between about 20 and 90 degrees and compare the measurements to the rates calculated from Rutherford’s theory.
– Measure particle rates for gold and aluminium foils at identical scattering angles and compare the ratio to Rutherford’s prediction.

Learning objectives: scattering, angle of scattering, impact parameter, central force, Coulomb field, Coulomb forces, Rutherford atomic model, and the identity of atomic number and nuclear charge.

Recommended for grades 10-13 and university physics laboratories. Experiment time: approximately 45 minutes. Difficulty: advanced. Software included; computer not provided. The radioactive Am-241 source is export-controlled – an End Use Certificate must be obtained before delivery.

Scope of delivery: PHYWE Multichannel Analyser (MCA) 13727-99; measure Software multi channel analyser 14452-61; Alpha detector 09100-00; Annular diaphragm with gold foil 09103-02; Annular diaphragm with aluminium foil 09103-03; U-magnet, U-shaped, limb length 130 mm, colored poles 06320-00; Radioactive source Am-241, 370 kBq 09090-11; Pre-amplifier for alpha detector 09100-10; Diaphragm pump, two stage, 220V 08163-93; Tubing connector Y-shape, ID 6-7 mm 47518-02; Pinchcock, width 20 mm 43631-20; Screened cable BNC, l = 1 m 07542-11 (qty 3); Vacuum gauge DVR 2 pro, 1 … 1000 hPa 34171-00; Vacuum tube NBR, 6/14 mm, 1 m 39289-00 (qty 2); Container for nuclear physics experiments 09103-00.

Item P2522115

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This borosilicate glass Mohr Buret is a volumetric tool used in chemistry and biology labs for drop-by-drop titrations. Simple to repair and replace its individual parts, this buret is an economical and practical choice for educational purposes.
• Tooled tip fits 16 mm inner Dia. flexible rubber tubing
• Calibrated at 20°C as per tolerances
• Buret includes pinch cock, rubber tubing, and glass jet.
• Capacity: 25 ml

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This buret is a volumetric tool used in chemistry and biology labs for drop-by-drop titrations. This apparatus has a borosilicate glass body with a Rotaflow type PTFE stopcock. Its design ensures a leak proof seal, finer flow control, elimination of lubrication, and absence of plug seizure.
• Capacity: 50 ml
• Subdivision: 0.10 ml
• Tolerance: +0.10 ml

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This buret has a clear acrylic body and leak-proof stopcock with a self-lubricating PTFE stop. It is individually calibrated for maximum accuracy.
• Graduated at 0.1 ml
• Resistent to dilute acids and bases within pH range of 1-14
• Not for use with hydrofluoric acie or amonium hydroxide
• Capacity: 25 ml

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These are one-piece, low-density polyethylene pipettes with suction bulbs and straight-tip graduated tubes. They are useful tools for measuring out small amounts of liquid in chemistry and biology labs.
• Sold in a pack of 500
• Capacity: 5 ml

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Use this glass tubes for microfiltration and other applications.
• 20 mm (0.8″) Dia. X 150 mm (5.9″) L.

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Use this triangle for supporting crucibles and dishes when heating on gas burners, etc. They are made with pipe stems on galvanized iron wire triangles.
• Side: 50 mm (2″) L

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This tall, thin crucible is intended for heating and melting solids at very high temperatures over a burner in the chemistry lab and can be used to determine constant weight, among other uses.
• Withstands temperatures up to 800°C (1470°F)
• Glazed inside and outside, except for the outside bottom surface
• Comes with a lid
• Capacity: 10 ml (0.3 oz)

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This shallow, wide crucible is intended for heating and melting solids at very high temperatures over a burner in the chemistry lab and can be used to determine constant weight, among other uses.
• Withstands temperatures up to 800°C (1470°F)
• Glazed inside and outside, except for the outside bottom surface
• Comes with a lid
• Capacity: 10 ml (0.3 oz)

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This Buchner funnel is made with an integral perforated plate and straight sides. The wide plate makes it ideal for filtering collecting larger amounts of solids than the narrower Hirsch funnels. It can be used to filter substrates, wash precipitates, and redissolve with chemicals that that would destroy filter paper, such as strong acids or bases. It is an excellent addition to a chemistry or biology lab or classroom.
• Porcelain
• Glazed inside and outside except for its rim
• Slightly tapered stem
• 90 mm (3.5″) Dia.

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This funnel with a integral, perforated plate can be used to filter substrates, wash precipitates, and redissolve with chemicals that that would destroy filter paper, such as strong acids or bases. It is an excellent addition to a chemistry or biology lab or classroom.
• Material: Porcelain
• Dimension: 75 mm (3″) Dia.

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This mortar and pestle set is ideal for grinding solids in the chemistry lab, classroom, or even the kitchen. The mortar has a pouring lip for convenience and a footed bottom for stability. The pestle is oversized for extra hand comfort.
• Porcelain
• Mortar glazed outside and rough inside
• Pestle glazed on handle and rough on the bottom, grinding surface
• 150 mm (6″) outer Dia.

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This Allihn condenser, with an insulated tube inside of a water jacket, can be used for distillation, reflux operations and extractions in chemistry labs. It allows for heating liquid, while avoiding complete evaporation to a dry container.
Specifications:
• Joints: 24/40
• Jacket: 235 mm L

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This condenser adapter is used in a distillation set up and designed to cool and condense vapors.
• Borosilicate glass
• Joint angle: 105°
• Joint: 24/40
• Delivery end outer Dia.: 10 mm
• Body inner Dia.: 18 mm
• Approx. dimension: 150 mm L
• Stopper #7

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This general purpose condenser is for distillations and extractions. The condenser has a sealed inner tube and is suitably tooled for leak-proof functioning.
• Borosilicate glass
• Jacket: 200 mm L

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